Update VC++ Redistributable to latest VS 2015-2022 (#199)

* Update VC++ Redistributable to latest VS 2015-2022 version

Replace the hardcoded VS 2017 download URL with the official
aka.ms permalink that always points to the latest release.

Closes #11

* Improve test infrastructure and fix CI issues

- Fix VC++ Redist filename case mismatch in Dockerfile (VC_redist → vc_redist)
- Fix greetings workflow input names for first-interaction v3.1.0
- Rework test workflow: Docker Buildx with GHA cache, pull_request trigger, binary verification
- Add psutil and requests checks to test suite
- Add Windows binary verification via Wine in Taskfile

* Fix VC++ Redist extraction for newer versions and pin action SHAs

- Extract all cab files dynamically instead of hardcoding a10/a11
- Pin actions/checkout, docker/setup-buildx-action, docker/build-push-action to full SHA

* Fix VC++ Redist DLL extraction: recursive cab extraction and deep DLL search

* Fix SonarQube code smells: replace identity checks with meaningful assertions

* Fix undefined $0 in W_TMP, pin first-interaction SHA, add DLL extraction guard